Skip to main content

Solution to drug resistant kala-azar on cards (downtoearth)

Kala-azar or visceral leishmaniasis is a public health problem in parts of India and of late, it is posing a new challenge due to the rise of drug resistance. Now a group of Indian scientists have figured out underlying reasons for the disease-causing parasite, Leishmania donovani, to become resistant to drugs.  This development could pave the way for addressing the problem of drug resistant kala-azar.

Researchers at the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow and Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi recently figured out that nine proteins present in the invading parasite play an important role in its response to antimony agents currently in use.

The presence of these proteins, scientists say, can differentiate between the drug resistant and sensitive types of the parasite and can predict treatment outcomes.

Pentavalent antimony therapeutic agents against leishmaniasis which have had a great success in treatment of kala-azar are now resulting in high treatment failure rates due to development of drug resistance.

Researchers deployed a combination of modern tools to study the parasite’s strategy which modulates immune response of the host to its own advantage. Although most of the nine proteins have been reported earlier in different studies as factors associated with resistance against different drugs, the present study has found that these proteins act together and interact closely in the host resulting in the drug becoming ineffective. The study results have been published in journal Experimental Parasitology.

Among the 200,000-400,000 new cases of visceral leishmaniasis reported annually in India, a staggering 65% are resistant to the conventional treatment to antimony. As a result, the death toll due to this is 20,000-40,000 annually. Finding molecular markers can provide crucial headway in development of molecular tools to detect and monitor drug susceptibility, optimize drug use, and to identify novel drug targets. The cross-talk between parasite and its hosts further lends credence to the proposed candidate proteins for this purpose. 

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

NGT terminates chairmen of pollution control boards in 10 states (downtoearth,)

Cracking the whip on 10 State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) for ad-hoc appointments, the National Green Tribunal has ordered the termination of Chairpersons of these regulatory authorities. The concerned states are Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Rajasthan, Telangana, Haryana, Maharashtra and Manipur. The order was given last week by the principal bench of the NGT, chaired by Justice Swatanter Kumar. The recent order of June 8, 2017, comes as a follow-up to an NGT judgment given in August 2016. In that judgment, the NGT had issued directions on appointments of Chairmen and Member Secretaries of the SPCBs, emphasising on crucial roles they have in pollution control and abatement. It then specified required qualifications as well as tenure of the authorities. States were required to act on the orders within three months and frame Rules for appointment [See Box: Highlights of the NGT judgment of 2016 on criteria for SPCB chairperson appointment]. Having

High dose of Vitamin C and B3 can kill colon cancer cells: study (downtoearth)

In a first, a team of researchers has found that high doses of Vitamin C and niacin or Vitamin B3 can kill cancer stem cells. A study published in Cell Biology International showed the opposing effects of low and high dose of vitamin C and vitamin B3 on colon cancer stem cells. Led by Bipasha Bose and Sudheer Shenoy, the team found that while low doses (5-25 micromolar) of Vitamin C and B3 proliferate colon cancer stem cells, high doses (100 to 1,000 micromolar) killed cancer stem cells. Such high doses of vitamins can only be achieved through intravenous injections in colon cancer patients. The third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, colon cancer can be prevented by an intake of dietary fibre and lifestyle changes. While the next step of the researchers is to delineate the mechanisms involved in such opposing effects, they also hope to establish a therapeutic dose of Vitamin C and B3 for colon cancer stem cell therapy. “If the therapeutic dose gets validated under in vivo

SC asks Centre to strike a balance on Rohingya issue (.hindu)

Supreme Court orally indicates that the government should not deport Rohingya “now” as the Centre prevails over it to not record any such views in its formal order, citing “international ramifications”. The Supreme Court on Friday came close to ordering the government not to deport the Rohingya. It finally settled on merely observing that a balance should be struck between humanitarian concern for the community and the country's national security and economic interests. The court was hearing a bunch of petitions, one filed by persons within the Rohingya community, against a proposed move to deport over 40,000 Rohingya refugees. A three-judge Bench, led by Chief Justice of India Dipak Misra, began by orally indicating that the government should not deport Rohingya “now”, but the government prevailed on the court to not pass any formal order, citing “international ramifications”. With this, the status quo continues even though the court gave the community liberty to approach i